The Effect of Ena/VASP Family on the Expression of GPIb-IX Complex in Human Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Dami Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of Ena/VASP gene family on the expression of glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex in human megakaryoblastic leukemia Dami cells.@*METHODS@#SiRNAs targeting Ena/VASP gene family were designed and synthesized to interfere Enah, EVL and VASP gene expression. When the siRNAs were transfected into Dami cells by using LipofectamineTM 2000 for 48 h, the expression of GPIb-IX complex was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#We successfully established siVASP , siEVL and si Enah Dami cell lines. And it was found that the expression of GPIb-IX complex had no evident reduction in siEVL or siVASP Dami cells at both mRNA and protein level, while the total protein and membrane protein of GPIb-IX complex were obviously reduced when Enah was knocked down.@*CONCLUSION@#Enah could affect the expression of GPIb-IX complex in human megakaryoblastic leukemia Dami cells, but the underlying mechanism still needs to be further explored.

The Levels of Inflammatory Regulatory Factors in Acute Leukemia Complicated by Infection and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression levels and clinical significance of helper T cell 1/helper T cell 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokine and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) complicated by infection.@*METHODS@#68 patients with AL complicated by infection admitted to Wuhan Fifth Hospital from May 2017 to January 2020 were enrolled as study group, 50 AL patients without infection were enrolled as AL group, and 30 healthy volunteers checked in physical examination center were enrolled as healthy control group. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 cells subsets were measured and compared among the three groups. The serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and Th1/Th2 were compared between the patients with mild to moderate infection (n=52) and septic shock (n=16). The relationship between IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, Th1/Th2 and AL infection was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The levels of IL-6, IL-10 , TNF-α, and the proportion of Th2 of the patients in study group and AL group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.001), while the proportion of Th1 and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P<0.001). The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, and the proportion of Th2 the patients in study group were significantly higher than those in AL group (P<0.001), while the proportion of Th1 and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower than those in AL group (P<0.001). The serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α level of the patients in septic shock group were significantly higher than those in mild-to-moderate infection group (P<0.001), while Th1/Th2 was lower than those in mild-to-moderate infection group (P<0.001). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and Th1/Th2 alone for the diagnosis of septic shock were 0.779, 0.761, 0.724 and 0.718, which were lower than that their combination (0.910) (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The levels of serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α are high in patients with AL complicated infection and septic shock, while Th1/Th2 cell subsets is low. The combined detection of serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and Th1/Th2 is a good diagnostic value for predicting the occurrence of severe septic shock.

Effect of miltirone on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia THP-1 cells / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the toxicity and related mechanism of miltirone to human acute myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells. To be specific, the active components and targets of miltirone were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the target proteins were converted into standard gene names with UniProt. Acute leukemia-rela-ted target genes were screened from GeneCards and DisGeNET. Venn diagram was constructed with Venny 2.1 to yield the common targets of the disease and the drug. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape 3.8.2. THP-1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), and 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μmol·L~(-1) miltirone for 24 h, respectively. The proliferation rate of cells was analyzed by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE), apoptosis rate by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PE/7 AAD staining, and cell morphology by acridine orange staining. Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) was employed to detect the mRNA levels of nuclear receptor coactivator 2(NCOA2), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax), Bcl-2, and cysteine aspartyl protease-3(caspase-3). The effect of miltirone on apoptosis was detected in presence of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. A total of 26 targets of miltirone, 1 046 genes related to acute leukemia, and 6 common targets of the two were screened out. Flow cytometry result showed miltirone at 10 μmol·L~(-1) can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of THP-1 cells. The typical manifestations of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear rupture, and chromatin agglomerate were displayed by acridine orange staining. The decreased mRNA levels of NCOA2 and PARP1 and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the activity of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 were observed. Z-VAD-FMK can attenuate the apoptosis-inducing effect of miltirone. This study indicates that miltirone can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, by down-regulating NCOA2 and PARP1, raising Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activating caspase-3.

Influência do Tempo de Internamento sobre a Força Muscular Respiratória e Nível Funcional de Adultos com Leucemia e Linfoma / Influence of Hospitalization Time about Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Level of Adults with Leukemia and Lymphoma / Influencia del Tiempo de Internamiento sobre la Fuerza Muscular Respiratoria y Nivel Funcional de Adultos con Leucemia y Linfoma

Introdução: As neoplasias hematológicas, leucemias e linfomas são patologias que afetam o sangue ou tecidos formadores dele. Durante o período de hospitalização, os pacientes podem desenvolver redução da capacidade funcional que pode interferir na sua função respiratória. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tempo de internamento sobre a força muscular respiratória e o nível funcional de adultos com leucemia e linfoma. Método: Estudo observacional, com delineamento longitudinal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado na enfermaria onco-hematológica do Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (Hupes). A avaliação da força muscular respiratória foi mensurada pelo manovacuômetro e a capacidade funcional pela escala de desempenho de Karnofsky (KPS). Resultados: No decorrer do tempo de internamento dos pacientes, houve uma diminuição da pressão expiratória máxima (PEM) (p=0,000), porém não foi observada diferença significativa na pressão inspiratória máxima (PIM) (p>0,05). Em relação à KPS, os pacientes apresentaram nível de funcionalidade de 70%. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a PEM foi alterada durante o internamento, porém não houve modificação da PIM e da funcionalidade dos pacientes.

Introduction: Hematologic neoplasms, leukemias and lymphomas are pathologies that affect the blood or tissues that form it. During the hospitalization period patients may develop functional capacity reduction, which may interfere with their respiratory function. Objective: Evaluate the influence of hospitalization time about respiratory muscle strength and functional level of adults with leukemia and lymphoma. Method: Observational study, with longitudinal design and quantitative approach, performed at the onco-hematological ward of the University Hospital Complex Professor Edgard Santos (Hupes). The assessment of respiratory muscle strength was measured using the manovacuometer and functional capacity using the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Results: During the hospitalization time, there was a decrease in the maximum expiratory pressure (PEM) (p=0.000), but no significant difference was observed in the maximum inspiratory pressure (PIM) (p>0.05). In relation to KPS, the patients presented functional level of 70%. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PEM was altered during hospitalization, but there was no modification of the PIM and the functionality of the patients.

Introducción: Las neoplasias hematológicas, leucemias y linfomas son patologías que afectan a la sangre o tejidos formadores de él. Durante el período de hospitalización los pacientes pueden desarrollar una reducción de la capacidad functional, que puede interferer en su función respiratoria. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del tiempo de internamiento sobre la fuerza muscular respiratoria y nivel funcional de adultos con leucemia y linfoma. Método: Estudio observacional, con delineamiento longitudinal y el enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en la enfermería onco-hematológica del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Profesor Edgard Santos (Hupes). La evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria se midió utilizando el manovacuómetro y la capacidad funcional utilizando la escala de rendimiento de Karnofsky (KPS). Resultados: En el transcurso del tiempo de internamiento de los pacientes, hubo una disminución de la presión espiratoria máxima (PEM) (p=0,000), pero no se observó diferencia significativa en la presión inspiratoria máxima (PIM) (p>0,05). En relación a KPS, los pacientes presentaron un nivel de funcionalidad del 70%. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que la PEM fue alterada durante el internamiento, pero no hubo modificación de la PIM y de la funcionalidad de los pacientes.

Peritraumatic tonic immobility is associated with PTSD symptom severity in Brazilian police officers: a prospective study

Objective: Peritraumatic reactions feature prominently among the main predictors for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), a less investigated but equally important type of peritraumatic response, has been recently attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians for its close association with traumatic reactions and PTSD. Our objective was to investigate the role of PTI, peritraumatic panic, and dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of police recruits (n=132). Methods: Participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires during academy training and after the first year of work: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C), Physical Reactions Subscale (PRS), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), and Critical Incident History Questionnaire. Results: Employing a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, we found that each additional point in the TIS was associated with a 9% increment in PCL-C mean scores (RM = 1.09), whereas for PRS, the increment was 7% (RM = 1.07). As the severity of peritraumatic dissociation increased one point in the PDEQ, the chance of having at least one symptom in the PCL-C increased 22% (OR = 1.22). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to expand investigation on the incidence and impact of PTI on the mental health of police officers. .

Estimation of salivary amylase and total proteins in leukemia patients and its correlation with clinical feature and radiographic finding.

Background: Leukemia is a fatal disease. The oral manifestations of the leukemias occur early in the course of the disease and these oral features can at times act as a diagnostic indicator. Saliva has been used as a diagnostic aid in a number of systemic diseases. Materials and Methods: In our study, samples of unstimulated saliva of 30 leukemia patients who were not on chemotherapy were collected and analyzed for salivary amylase and total protein. The oral manifestations and radiographic changes (OPG) were recorded. The correlation between the oral manifestations and the salivary components (salivary amylase and total protein) was assessed for prognostic significance. Results: In the present study when the mean values of salivary amylase (1280±754 U/ml) and total protein (647.2±320.7 mg%) were compared with that in control subjects. There was a statistically significant difference for amylase levels (P<.05). On intraoral examination the study subjects showed pallor, gingivitis, gingival enlargement, petechiae, and ecchymosis. On the OPG, the radiographic features included generalized rarefaction of bone (20%), thinning of lamina dura (3.4%), generalized alveolar crest bone resorption (30%), thinning of walls of alveolar crypts (6.7%), besides others, e.g., periapical abscess (10%). Conclusions: The saliva of leukemic patients demonstrated obvious changes in composition. A rise in salivary amylase and total protein levels was evident, with the increase in amylase levels being statistically significant.

House Dust Mite Induces Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in EoL-1 Human Eosinophilic Leukemic Cells

The house dust mite (HDM) is considered to be the most common indoor allergen associated with bronchial asthma. In this study, we investigated whether crude extract of the HDM Dermatophagoides farinae could activate human eosinophilic leukemic cells (EoL-1) to induce upregulation of cell-surface adhesion molecules. When EoL-1 cells were incubated with D. farinae extract, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) significantly increased on the cell surfaces compared to cells incubated with medium alone. In contrast, surface expression of CD11b and CD49d in EoL-1 cells was not affected by D. farinae extract. In addition, pretreatment of cells with NF- kappaB inhibitor (MG-132) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly inhibited ICAM-1 expression promoted by HDM extract. However, neither p38 MAP kinase inhibitor nor MEK inhibitor prevented HDM-induced ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells. These results suggest that crude extract of D. farinae induces ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells through signaling pathways involving both NF- kappaB and JNK.

Tanshinone IIA, an ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines through the activation of caspase-3

Tanshinone II-A is a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, a traditional herbal medicine that is known to induce antiinflammatory, anti-oxidative and cytotoxic activity. We have examined cellular effects of Tanshione II-A on HL60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells and K562 human erythroleukemic cells. Tanshione II-A induced a dose- and time-dependent DNA fragmentation into the multiples of 180 bp and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in both cell lines. PI-staining and flow cytometry analysis of K562 cells following Tanshione II-A treatment showed an increase of the cells possessing hypodiploid DNA indicative of apoptotic state of cells. Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased during Tanshinone II-A treatment of both HL60 and K562 cells, whereas caspase-1 activity was not changed. These results suggest that Tanshione II-A induced HL60 and K562 cellular apoptosis that may be associated with the selective members of caspase family. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Incidência de síndrome de lise tumoral aguda em pacientes portadores de hemopatias malignas / Incidence of acute tumor lysis syndrome in patients with malignant blood diseases

O emprego de quimioterapia em tumores de alta replicaçäo celular é responsável pela liberaçäo de constituintes celulares, que podem levar a sérias alteraçöes metabólicas. Estas alteraçöes compreendem distúrbios no metabolismo do: potássio, cálcio, fosfato, uréia e ácido úrico; que caracterizam a SINDROME de LISE TUMORAL AGUDA (SLTA). No período de 29/03/93 a 23/08/93, foram estudados 20 pacientes com hemopatias malignas, com indicaçäo de tratamento poliquimioterápico. Estes pacientes receberam hiper-hidrataçäo com 2000ml/m2 de soluçäo fisiológico 0,9 por cento e alopurinol 200mg/m2 iniciando-se no dia anterior até o último dia de quimioterapia. O diagnóstico de SLTA foi considerado nos pacientes que nos 4 dias do tratamento, apresentaram duas ou mais das seguintes alteraçöes metabólicas: aumento de 25 por cento nos níveis de potássio, ácido úrico, uréia e fosfato; ou diminuiçäo de 25 por cento no nível de cálcio sérico. A SINDROME DE LISE TUMORAL AGUDA CLINICA (SLTAC), foi definida como SLTAC, associada a condiçöes clínicas que implicassem em risco de vida nenhum dos nossos pacientes apresentou SLTAC e apenas 30 por cento desenvolveram SLTAL, demonstrando que este esquema de tratamento foi efetivo.

Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and its regulation during differentiation of human leukemic cells

We attempted to study the role of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and protein kinase C (PKC) in the cascade of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 during differentiation of leukemic cells (HL-60, THP-1, and RWLeu-4). Neither activation nor inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor's PTK activity with CSF-1 or genistein respectively affected the phosphorylation of S6. However, vanadate which is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor showed enhancement of S6 phosphorylation. Dimethylsulfoxide which does not affect either PTK or PKC demonstrated no change in S6 phosphorylation. PKC activation by acute 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment induced monocytic differentiation and S6 phosphorylation. Surprisingly, the more prominent phosphorylation of S6 protein was observed in PKC-depleted cells by prolonged TPA treatment. Our results suggest that PTK/PTP play a lesser role in S6 phosphorylation of HL-60 cells than PKC does. In addition, two different mechanisms seem to be involved in TPA-induced S6 phosphorylation during HL-60 differentiation: PKC activation by acute TPA treatment and PKC depletion which may lead to the synthesis of some endogenous protein responsible for the differentiation by chronic TPA treatment.